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A DCM PFC can only support low-power applications, for example. This means that the Totem Pole PFC can only work in DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) or BCM (Boundary Conduction Mode) mode, with a traditional Si-MOSFET.Įach approach has its challenges. In such systems, a big problem is the reverse-recovery charge of the MOSFET body-diode, if the converter works in CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) condition. As Figure 2 shows, a Totem Pole PFC can be considered as a synchronous-rectification boost DC-DC converter. There is a reason why a SiC-based MOSFET is needed in a Totem-Pole PFC design. Compared to bridgeless PFC, Totem Pole PFC removes the input bridge rectifier and uses a MOSFET to replace the rectifying diode for improved efficiency. There are two types of bridgeless PFC designs: Bridgeless PFC and Totem Pole PFC (Figures 1A and 1B). In order to achieve that goal, one of the most suitable topologies is a bridgeless PFC circuit, which does not require a full-wave AC rectifier bridge, thereby reducing related conduction losses.
#TOTEM POLE OUTPUT MEANING PLUS#
To meet the 80 Plus Titanium standard, the design must demonstrate 96% Titanium peak efficiency, meaning the target efficiency of Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit efficiency should be 98.5% under both 115V and 230V input conditions with an overall efficiency of 96%. This complementary mix of solutions must be properly integrated to address the application in the most cost-effective manner.Įfficiency and power density directly impact the size and thermal management requirements of a switch mode power supply. In addition, high bandwidth isolated single-chip current sensors in bridgeless Power Factor Correction (PFC) and DC-DC converters can enable use of fast switching wide-bandgap power devices to help improve efficiency and thermal management, reducing both size and component count to simplify PCB circuits as well. These new solutions must be properly integrated and optimized for maximum utility, efficiency, and reliability. Fast-switching wide-bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC) or Gallium Nitride (GaN) power devices have revolutionized the industry. The specification identifies the metrics by which energy consumption and efficiency of storage networking products can be measured.īeyond topology innovations, power semiconductor advances have also provided solutions to address power electronics efficiency. Other efforts include the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) and their Emerald Power Efficiency Measurement Specification. The Energy-Star 80 PLUS efficiency specification (introduced in 2007) adds higher efficiency levels for AC-DC supplies from Gold to Platinum and on to the Titanium level.
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It specifies over 80% energy efficiency at 20%, 50%, and 100% of rated load, and a power factor of 0.9 or greater at 100% load. In the telecom, data center, and industrial power space, the 80 Plus Titanium efficiency level specification was developed to address power conversion electronics.
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Only by ensuring that the lines on everyone’s ruler are the same distance apart can we ensure an open and level development environment. Without agreed-upon benchmarks, it is easy for different companies to claim different benefits out of context to the engineer. The plethora of proposed solutions to address power efficiency created disruption in many ways, one of them being the need for standards and regulations. This in turn, drives power engineers and architects to extend existing power technology boundaries to achieve ever higher system efficiencies, faster response times, and more robust and reliable solutions. If it doesn’t have a charge moving around somewhere, it’s a mechanical device.Īrtificial Intelligence, Cloud-based IoT, next-gen RF technologies, self-driving EVs, and other advanced solutions have significantly increased the overall global demand for electrical power. It may sound like a tautology, but nothing happens unless you can move electrons around. Regardless of the core technology, electronic products require electricity to function. Power is behind everything in our modern society. However, all that functionality needs power. From advanced robotics, to medical wearables, to the smart grid, the amount of functionality presented to the public today is extraordinary. The pace and scope of the change overtaking the industry shows no signs of stopping.